1. “(There is) no god but God,”    لا اله الّا ا لله
is divided into two basic parts:
the negation (“no god”) and the affirmation (“but God”).

The negation is directed toward any attributes of divinity, any claim to be a god, by anything in the cosmos. and since everything in the cosmos is a sign of God, displaying something of the divine attributes, the negation is directed toward all things. SDG9

 

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